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Preparing your learning path…One focused step in language learning, every day
Preparing your learning path…Learn German grammar through real sentences: cases, articles, word order, verb forms and the structures you need for everyday communication.
CEFR · A1–C2
Move from foundations to mastery with focused lessons, real examples and practice.
Essential sentence foundations
31 lessons
Everyday tenses and wider sentence patterns
25 lessons
Independent communication and core complexity
23 lessons
Accuracy, range and complex sentences
21 lessons
Advanced control of style and structure
19 lessons
Nuanced, near-native command
17 lessons
German · A1–C2
Topics are ordered by level, with one focused idea per page and examples you can reuse.
German personal pronouns in the nominative replace the subject of a sentence. The main forms are ich, du, er, sie, es, wir, ihr, sie and the formal Sie. Learning which pronoun matches each person, number and grammatical gender helps you build simple statements, negatives and questions correctly at A1 level.
Sein means “to be” and haben means “to have.” Both are essential irregular German verbs. In the present tense, their forms change according to the subject. You use sein for identity, condition, location, and age, while haben is mainly used for possession and common expressions such as Hunger haben and Zeit haben.
Regular German verbs in the present tense follow a clear pattern. Remove the infinitive ending -en to find the verb stem, then add the correct ending for each subject. For example, lernen becomes ich lerne, du lernst, and er lernt. This pattern helps you talk about routines, facts, and everyday actions.
The German Perfekt is usually formed with the auxiliary verb haben or sein plus the past participle, called Partizip II. Regular verbs often follow a predictable ge- + stem + -t pattern, while irregular verbs may change their stem. This lesson explains the main patterns, exceptions, word order, and common A2-level usage.
In German, the Präteritum is especially common with sein, haben, and modal verbs such as können, müssen, and wollen. Forms like war, hatte, konnte, and musste are frequent even in everyday speech. This lesson teaches their conjugation, sentence structure, negation, questions, and natural A2-level use.
In German, articles change when a noun is in the dative case. Masculine and neuter definite articles become dem, feminine becomes der, and plural becomes den. This lesson explains how to recognize the dative, use definite, indefinite and possessive articles correctly, and avoid common mistakes in everyday A2-level German.
Präteritum is a German past tense used mainly in written language, stories, reports, and with common verbs such as sein, haben, and modal verbs. This lesson explains how to form regular and irregular verbs, when to use Präteritum, and how to avoid common mistakes.
The German Plusquamperfekt is used to describe an action that happened before another past event. It is formed with the past forms of haben or sein and the Partizip II of the main verb. This tense helps speakers show the correct order of past events clearly.
Futur I is a German future tense used to talk about future events, predictions, intentions, promises, and assumptions. It is formed with the auxiliary verb werden and the infinitive form of the main verb. This lesson explains the structure, usage, common mistakes, and practical examples for B1 learners.
Konjunktiv I is a German verb form mainly used for indirect speech. It allows speakers and writers to report another person's words without confirming whether the information is true. This structure is especially common in news reports, interviews, official statements, and formal writing.
Konjunktiv II is used in German to express unreal situations, wishes, assumptions, polite requests, recommendations, and missed possibilities. At B2 level, learners use it to create more natural and flexible communication with structures such as würde, hätte, wäre, and modal verbs.
Express real, tentative, formal, and unreal conditions with wenn, falls, sofern, vorausgesetzt, sollte, and Konjunktiv II, including compact alternatives without a full subordinate clause.
Indirect speech in German is used to report what another person has said without repeating the exact words. At C1 level, the structure is especially important in news, academic writing, and formal communication. The Konjunktiv I helps speakers show that they are reporting information rather than confirming it.
At C1 level, choosing between Konjunktiv I and II depends on the speaker’s purpose, register, and distance from reality. This lesson explains reported speech, hypothetical meaning, polite distance, and stylistic effect.
Subjektive Modalverben are used to express assumptions, probability, conclusions, and reported information instead of obligation or ability. This lesson explains how müssen, können, dürften, sollen, and wollen show different levels of certainty and how to use them naturally at C1 level.
Reordering German constituents can maintain a topic, establish a frame or highlight a contrast. Examine verb-second declarative frames, retained grammatical roles and case, and the contribution of context and prosody. Initial position alone does not determine focus.
Controlled sentence embedding in German means combining multiple grammatical structures inside one sentence while keeping meaning clear and accurate. At C2 level, learners use embedded clauses, relative clauses, infinitive structures, and complex connectors to express detailed ideas in academic, professional, and formal contexts.
German ellipses are intentional omissions of sentence elements that remain understandable through context. They are common in conversations, headlines, advertising and literature. This lesson explains how ellipses work, when they are used and how advanced learners can recognize and apply them correctly.
Start at A1 if your foundations are uncertain; otherwise choose the topic that causes the most mistakes in your own sentences.
No. Understanding the rule is the first step; you also need retrieval and sentence production so the structure becomes usable.
The public grammar guides are available to read. Some interactive or advanced practice features may depend on your account plan.
Read one topic, then apply the structure in JadoLearn practice and lessons.
