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Preparing your learning path…One focused step in language learning, every day
Preparing your learning path…Level-based grammar path
Study 22 practical lessons in the recommended order. Every lesson includes a clear explanation, formulas, natural examples, common mistakes, and FAQs.
Clarify past–present links, former habits and event order.
Use the present perfect with for and since to talk about situations that started in the past and continue now. Use for to express a duration, such as for three years, and since to identify a starting point, such as since 2023. The key distinction is duration versus starting point.
24 bank questions
Start lessonThe Present Perfect Continuous describes an activity that started in the past and continues now, or a recent activity with a present result. It is formed with have/has been + verb-ing. At B1 level, it is especially useful for talking about duration, ongoing activities, recent actions, and situations with since and for.
24 bank questions
Start lessonUse used to to describe repeated past habits or past states that are no longer true or typical now. The main pattern is used to + base verb. For negatives and questions, use didn't use to and Did ... use to? This structure is especially useful for comparing past situations with the present.
24 bank questions
Start lessonThe past perfect shows an event that happened before another past moment or event.
24 bank questions
Start lessonCompare intentions, arrangements, predictions and future activities in progress.
Use will mainly for spontaneous decisions, offers, promises, and predictions based on opinions. Use be going to for intentions decided before speaking and predictions based on present evidence. Use the Present Continuous for future arrangements that are already organized, especially when details such as the time, place, or people involved are fixed.
24 bank questions
Start lessonThe Future Continuous describes an action that will be in progress at a particular time in the future. It is formed with will be + verb-ing. Use it for ongoing future activities, expected future routines or events, and neutral questions about someone's plans, especially when the activity is already expected.
24 bank questions
Start lessonDistinguish facts, possibilities and situations different from reality.
The second conditional is used to talk about hypothetical, unreal, or unlikely situations in the present or future. Its basic structure is if + past simple, would + base verb. You can use it to imagine different circumstances, describe hypothetical results, ask what someone would do, and give advice with “If I were you.”
24 bank questions
Start lessonThe zero conditional describes general truths and regular results. The first conditional talks about real or possible future situations, while the second conditional describes hypothetical, unreal, or less likely situations. The key difference is not simply the verb tense: it is how the speaker views the condition and its likelihood or reality.
24 bank questions
Start lessonUse wish plus past simple for a present situation you would like to be different.
24 bank questions
Start lessonExpress speaker stance and the perspective on an action precisely.
English uses must, have to, can, be allowed to, mustn't and can't to talk about rules, obligations and permission. The key distinction is between prohibition and lack of obligation: mustn't means an action is not allowed, while don't have to means the action is optional rather than forbidden.
24 bank questions
Start lessonUse must, might and can’t to make logical deductions about situations happening now. Use must when the evidence makes something seem very likely, might when something is possible but uncertain, and can’t when the evidence strongly suggests something is not true. The modal you choose shows how certain you are.
24 bank questions
Start lessonThe passive voice is used when the action, result, or receiver of an action is more important than the person who performs it. Use am, is, or are + past participle for the present simple passive, and was or were + past participle for the past simple passive.
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Start lessonReport statements, questions and requests from the correct perspective.
Reported speech lets you tell someone what another person said without repeating their exact words. When the reporting verb is in the past, verb tenses often shift back. Pronouns, possessives, and time or place expressions may also change. The most common reporting verbs for B1 learners are said and told.
24 bank questions
Start lessonReported questions use statement word order instead of direct-question order. Yes/no questions normally use if or whether, while wh-questions keep their question word. To report commands and requests, English commonly uses tell or ask followed by an object and a to-infinitive. Negative commands use not to before the main verb.
24 bank questions
Start lessonLink identifying and extra information with appropriate form and punctuation.
Defining relative clauses give essential information that identifies the person, thing, or place we mean. They commonly use who for people, which for things, that for people or things, whose for possession, and where for places. When who, which, or that is the object of the relative clause, it can often be omitted.
24 bank questions
Start lessonNon-defining relative clauses add extra information about a person, thing, place, or possession that is already identified. They are separated from the main sentence by commas and commonly use who, which, whose, and where. Unlike defining relative clauses, they do not normally use that, and the relative pronoun cannot be omitted.
24 bank questions
Start lessonBring verb patterns, reference, emphasis, linking and question tags together.
In English, some verbs are normally followed by a gerund, while others take an infinitive with to. Gerunds are also common after prepositions, and infinitives can express purpose. With verbs such as stop, remember, and try, choosing a gerund or an infinitive can change the meaning of the sentence.
24 bank questions
Start lessonUse a/an with a singular countable noun when it is not yet specific, and use the when the listener can identify what you mean. Use the zero article when speaking generally about plural or uncountable nouns. At B1 level, choosing correctly depends mainly on whether the noun is general, specific, or already known.
24 bank questions
Start lessonUse so mainly before an adjective or adverb, as in so tired or so quickly. Use such before a noun phrase, as in such a good idea or such friendly people. Both can add emphasis, while so ... that and such ... that connect an intense quality or situation with its result.
24 bank questions
Start lessonLinking words show how ideas are connected. At B1 level, you can use because and because of for causes, so and therefore for results, but, although, and however for contrasts, and first, then, after that, and finally for sequence. Using them correctly makes your speaking and writing clearer and more organized.
24 bank questions
Start lessonQuestion tags are short questions added to the end of statements to check information, seek agreement, or invite a response. A positive statement usually takes a negative tag, while a negative statement takes a positive tag. The auxiliary verb, tense, and subject pronoun in the tag must match the main statement.
24 bank questions
Start lessonReview related patterns together and choose the form that fits the context.
B1 · English B1 grammar: final review
The final review includes one question from every core lesson. Finish to see explanations and links back to the lessons.
Open the final review80% mastery threshold · Grammar-path result, without an official language certificate
